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	<title>Butterfly Options &#187; Volatility</title>
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		<title>Options Volatility Trading: Strategies for Profiting from Market Swings (Hardcover)</title>
		<link>http://butterflyoptions.net/options-volatility-trading-strategies-for-profiting-from-market-swings-hardcover</link>
		<comments>http://butterflyoptions.net/options-volatility-trading-strategies-for-profiting-from-market-swings-hardcover#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jan 2010 16:58:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[from]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hardcover]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Market]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Options]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profiting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Swings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Volatility]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://butterflyoptions.net/options-volatility-trading-strategies-for-profiting-from-market-swings-hardcover</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
  How to collect big profits from    a volatile options market        Over the past decade, the concept of    volatility has drawn attention from    traders in all markets across the    globe. Unfortunately, this scrutiny has also [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Options-Volatility-Trading-Strategies-Profiting/dp/0071629653/ref=sr_1_14/190-7949670-0726144?ie=UTF8&#038;s=books&#038;qid=1259850028&#038;sr=8-14?ie=UTF8&#038;tag=optitradbasi-20"><img style="float:left;width: 150px;height:150px;margin-right: 10px;" src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41RSd36DqAL._SL500_AA240_.jpg" alt="Options Volatility Trading: Strategies for Profiting from Market Swings" /></a></p>
<p>  How to collect big profits from    a volatile options market        Over the past decade, the concept of    volatility has drawn attention from    traders in all markets across the    globe. Unfortunately, this scrutiny has also    created a proliferation of myths about what    volatility means and how it works.        Options Volatility Trading deconstructs some    of the common misunderstandings about volatility    trading and shows you how to successfully    manage an options trading account and    investment portfolio with expertise.    This reliable guidebook provides an in-depth    look at the volatility index (VIX) and demonstrates    how to use it in conjunction with    other analytical tools to determine an accurate    measure of investor sentiment. However,    recognizing a trend isn’t enough. In order to    give you everything you need to profit in the    options market, Options Volatility Trading    also features:Detailed analysis of historical    volatil <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Options-Volatility-Trading-Strategies-Profiting/dp/0071629653/ref=sr_1_14/190-7949670-0726144?ie=UTF8&#038;s=books&#038;qid=1259850028&#038;sr=8-14?ie=UTF8&#038;tag=optitradbasi-20" title="More at Amazon">(more&#8230;)</a></p>
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		<title>Mastering Option Trading Volatility Strategies with Sheldon Natenberg</title>
		<link>http://butterflyoptions.net/mastering-option-trading-volatility-strategies-with-sheldon-natenberg</link>
		<comments>http://butterflyoptions.net/mastering-option-trading-volatility-strategies-with-sheldon-natenberg#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Dec 2009 12:57:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mastering]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Natenberg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Option]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sheldon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Volatility]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[No description for this product could be found, but have a look over at Amazon for reviews and other information.
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Trading-Volatility-Strategies-Natenberg/dp/1592800343/ref=sr_1_6/190-7949670-0726144?ie=UTF8&#038;s=dvd&#038;qid=1259850028&#038;sr=8-6?ie=UTF8&#038;tag=optitradbasi-20"><img style="float:left;width: 150px;height:150px;margin-right: 10px;" src="http://g-ecx.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/ciu/4a/73/2aff225b9da0507e8d314110.L._SL500_AA175_.jpg" alt="Mastering Option Trading Volatility Strategies with Sheldon Natenberg" /></a>No description for this product could be found, but have a look over at <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Trading-Volatility-Strategies-Natenberg/dp/1592800343/ref=sr_1_6/190-7949670-0726144?ie=UTF8&#038;s=dvd&#038;qid=1259850028&#038;sr=8-6?ie=UTF8&#038;tag=optitradbasi-20" title="More at Amazon">Amazon</a> for reviews and other information.</p>
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		<title>How to Trade Options &#8211; Book Review &#8211; Lawrence G. McMillan, McMillan on Options</title>
		<link>http://butterflyoptions.net/how-to-trade-options-book-review-lawrence-g-mcmillan-mcmillan-on-options</link>
		<comments>http://butterflyoptions.net/how-to-trade-options-book-review-lawrence-g-mcmillan-mcmillan-on-options#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Dec 2009 11:59:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[How To Trade Options]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Implied Volatility]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intermarket]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Larry Mcmillan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Options Trading Strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Volatility]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://butterflyoptions.net/how-to-trade-options-book-review-lawrence-g-mcmillan-mcmillan-on-options</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Larry McMillan is an iconic Hercules of the options world.  Few option titans have the depth and range of grounded insights to devote 630+ pages to a publication.  Do not be overwhelmed by what initially appears as a titanic chronicle.McMillan commits extensive effort to clarify the proper use of misused trading terms.  He rectifies inaccurate [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Larry McMillan is an iconic Hercules of the options world.  Few option titans have the depth and range of grounded insights to devote 630+ pages to a publication.  Do not be overwhelmed by what initially appears as a titanic chronicle.McMillan commits extensive effort to clarify the proper use of misused trading terms.  He rectifies inaccurate practices by applying the mechanics of the math that is material and helps you visualize this with graphically rich worked examples.  Every chapter has its own summary, emphasizing specific techniques to refine your own trading methods.There are adequate reader reviews on Amazon and Google Book Search, to help you decide if you will get the book. For those who have just started or are about to read the book, I’ve summarized the core concepts in the larger and essential chapters to help you get through them quicker.The number on the right of the title of the chapter is the number of pages contained within that chapter. It is not the page number.  The percentages represent how much each chapter makes up of the 630 pages in total, excluding appendices.1  Option History, Definitions, and Terms.  44, 6.98%.2  An Overview of Option Strategies.  60, 9.52%.3  The Versatile Option.  82, 13.02%.4  The Predictive Power of Options.  164, 26.03%.5  Trading Systems and Strategies.  90, 14.29%.6  Trading Volatility and Other Theoretical Approaches.  128, 20.32%.7  Other Important Considerations.  48, 7.62%.Focus on chapters 4, 5 and 6, which makes up about 61% of the book. These chapters are relevant for practical trading purposes.  Here are the key points for these focus chapters, which I’m summarizing from a retail option trader’s perspective. 4 The Predictive Power of Options. Within this chapter, focus on these sections: Using Stock Option Volume as an Indicator, Implied Volatility Can Predict a Change of Trend and The Put–Call Ratio.  Here, you are taught to spot trading opportunities where the daily total option volume is more than double the average option volume. For highly liquid Index products, a higher ratio is required.  There are filters to validate the use of volume speculation.  These filters include ruling out the impact of arbitrage, total volume concentrated in too few strikes that are not identifiable as block trades, spread trades concentrated in just two series of strikes and over concentration of daily volume in ITM strikes that does not have the percentage leverage of ATM/OTM strikes.The section on Implied Volatility evaluates the treatment of IV as it moves between its expected ranges towards extreme boundaries.  IV Mean Reversion is involved. Implied Volatility must leave from where it is currently trading at (be it IV for ITM, ATM or OTM strikes), to converge at zero on expiration date.  Though, price can go anywhere (up, down or stay flat).  The boundary analysis of IV is applied to covered call writing, index options, the seasonality of volatility and trading volatility directly using the VIX.  Other volatility companion measures should be used in combination with the VIX, namely the VXO, QQV and VXN as sentiment gauges.McMillan differentiates between a “standard” put-call ratio versus the “dollar-weighted” put-call ratio. There is further refinement on the applicability of specific ratios to equity only put-call ratios, distinct from index put-call ratios and futures put-call ratios.  Weighted ratios accentuate the extremities of overbought/oversold conditions when sentiment has reached its peak or valley to signal impending changes, which is overlooked in using a standard ratio that is not weighted.  Sentiment needs to be sensitized with the weightage.5 Trading Systems and Strategies. Pay attention to these sections, which make up about 68% of the chapter: Intermarket Spreads and Other Seasonal Tendencies. The section covers European options that do trade at a discount to parity, spread differentials between heating oil futures and unleaded gas futures, small-cap outperformance with the January effect, spread differentials between gold stocks versus the price of gold, spread differentials between oil stocks versus the price of oil, the relationship between the utilities sector and 30-year bonds, other relationships between sector indexes/futures and Pairs Trading.  There is convergence and divergence at work in these specific products and asset classes identified. For a unique set of relationships, McMillan clearly explains why some relationships must be treated as cross-correlated dependencies versus independent treatment of non-correlated mutually exclusive events. There is also clarity on how to design your trading system to collectively control the diversification of risks across these distinct linear relationships and inverse interplays.The section on Other Seasonal Tendencies challenges August as a dull month with muted volatility in the pits, alerts you to September-October as months to be long puts but short futures and identifies cyclical periods of rallies in late October and late January. McMillan confronts the conventional reasons for seasonal nuances. For example, the traditional leave periods of floor traders/market makers/institutions who move 85+% of exchange volume does not dampen volatility in the pits and there is no slack during the Labour Day holiday period. He blends the business cycle in with the use of seasonality. For example, companies that are stock components of the S&amp;P 500 with cash rich balance sheets will need to periodically slim down their current asset holdings and redeploy cash into longer-term investments. Firms must maximize shareholder’s equity and cannot just sit on cash.  McMillan explains when and how to position your trades in view of the common market practice of “window dressing”, in context of cash flow contraction and the velocity of money during these periods of fiscal adjustments to the books of corporations.6 Trading Volatility and Other Theoretical Approaches.  In brief, the themes covered are: volatility’s role in pricing options, controlling directional risk with delta neutral trading, predicting volatility based on forecasting IV from its current percentile, comparing historical and implied volatility to confirm trading ranges in percentile terms, trading implied volatility recognizing the trade off between being short premium versus long decay, reaffirming the relevance of the Black Scholes model with application of the Greeks, aligning a spread’s strike construction for trading the volatility skew, the aggressive calendar spread that expires within 10 days versus conventional inter-month calendars, using probability and statistics in volatility trading to rank the risk to reward profile of trades and expected return metrics to measure risk per $1 allocated.Of all the focus chapters, Chapter 6 is the heaviest on the use of numerical reasoning. Though, is not beyond anyone who is comfortable with Statistics 101.To complete the review, here’s the background of the author.  Larry is the President of McMillan Analysis Corporation, founded in 1991.  From 1982 to 1989, he headed up the Equity Arbitrage Department at Thomson McKinnon Securities, Inc. He traded the firm&#8217;s own money primarily in advanced option spreads and risk arbitrage strategies.  Between 1989-90, he was in charge of the Proprietary Option Trading Department at Prudential-Bache Securities. He traded primarily convertible Euro-bonds and Japanese warrant arbitrage strategies.  Prior to these roles, he was the retail option strategist at Thomson McKinnon from 1976 to 1980, and traded the firm&#8217;s proprietary account beginning in 1980.  He initially worked at Bell Telephone Laboratories from 1972 to 1976.  He holds an M.S. in applied mathematics and computer science.In conclusion, McMillan on Options exposes you to the full gamut of how to trade options and the essential methods required to build a sustainable and consistent trading system. Intermarket spreading and Implied Volatility forecasting are clearly the cornerstones of a solid trading system.This is not a criticism of the book but a personal observation. To complete the construction of a total trading system requires the metrics for portfolio diagnostics. I have written a separate article, entitled “Book Review -  Kenneth L. Grant, Trading Risk” that deals with portfolio management. </p>
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		<title>Option Volatility Trading Strategies, New and Updated Edition (Hardcover)</title>
		<link>http://butterflyoptions.net/option-volatility-trading-strategies-new-and-updated-edition-hardcover</link>
		<comments>http://butterflyoptions.net/option-volatility-trading-strategies-new-and-updated-edition-hardcover#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Dec 2009 19:25:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Edition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hardcover]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Option]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Updated]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Volatility]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://butterflyoptions.net/option-volatility-trading-strategies-new-and-updated-edition-hardcover</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
  Options traders make money any time the market moves, no matter whether it goes up or down. Now, with this primer created from Natenberg&#8217;s bestselling video course, Mastering Option Trading Volatility Strategies, it has never been easier for traders to gain a powerful understanding of the potential of volatility trading strategies.   [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Option-Volatility-Trading-Strategies-Updated/dp/1592802923/ref=sr_1_5/190-7949670-0726144?ie=UTF8&#038;s=books&#038;qid=1259850028&#038;sr=8-5?ie=UTF8&#038;tag=optitradbasi-20"><img style="float:left;width: 150px;height:150px;margin-right: 10px;" src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51wzn7RH76L._SL500_AA240_.jpg" alt="Option Volatility Trading Strategies, New and Updated Edition" /></a></p>
<p>  Options traders make money any time the market moves, no matter whether it goes up or down. Now, with this primer created from Natenberg&#8217;s bestselling video course, Mastering Option Trading Volatility Strategies, it has never been easier for traders to gain a powerful understanding of the potential of volatility trading strategies.     Since the inception of options only a few decades ago, many have sought to harness the key element of options trading volatility. No one is more synonymous with volatility trading strategies than Sheldon Natenberg. Renowned for his influence on nearly every option trader through his classic work, Option Volatility and Pricing, this legend in trading success is in great demand for his ability to harness market forces through his calculated approach to trading. Now, in a groundbreaking new approach, Natenberg personally guides you through the key elements of option valuation and volatility trading strategies.     Written in an amazingly ac <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Option-Volatility-Trading-Strategies-Updated/dp/1592802923/ref=sr_1_5/190-7949670-0726144?ie=UTF8&#038;s=books&#038;qid=1259850028&#038;sr=8-5?ie=UTF8&#038;tag=optitradbasi-20" title="More at Amazon">(more&#8230;)</a></p>
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		<title>How to Read an Option Chain</title>
		<link>http://butterflyoptions.net/how-to-read-an-option-chain</link>
		<comments>http://butterflyoptions.net/how-to-read-an-option-chain#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Dec 2009 01:06:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Calls]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Equity Options]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historic Volatility]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Implied Volatilityticker]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Leaps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Option]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Option Chain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Option Chains]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Premiums]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Puts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reading An Option Chain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Strike Price]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Volatility]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Before we can begin to trade in options, we need to understand the basic terminology of these sophisticated financial instruments so that we can start to interpret the mass of figures which appear, when an option chain appears on the screen.
Each option has a so called strike price. This is the price at which the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Before we can begin to trade in options, we need to understand the basic terminology of these sophisticated financial instruments so that we can start to interpret the mass of figures which appear, when an option chain appears on the screen.</p>
<p>Each option has a so called strike price. This is the price at which the option contract has been written. Every option has a whole series of strike prices from which you choose the one you feel is the most appropriate. Most options are written on a monthly basis, so at any one time there will be a series of options spread over several months into the future. Every option is issued with a spread of strike prices from very low to very high. The increment of the strike will vary according to the underlying value of the share. For a low value stock, the increments might be in $1 amounts, but for a higher value stock these could be $5 or $10 steps. The series of options is called an option chain, and each chain will cover several months. Some series are written quarterly and others on a monthly basis.</p>
<p>The strike price is normally presented in the middle column, with calls to the left hand side and puts shown on the right hand side. The first column labeled ‘symbol’ shows the unique code for that particular option. These are unique to the contract, the period and the equity, and can be found on many sites. When trading they normally appear as part of the trade – it is not something you have to remember! The next column is the ‘last’ , which displays the most recent prices which have been bid.</p>
<p>The bid and ask prices are simply the buying and selling prices of the premiums, with the ‘vol’ column showing the number of trades for that particular day. The final column is normally one labelled OI, which is short for ‘Open Interest’. This shows the number of contracts bought or sold and currently waiting for the expiry date.</p>
<p>An option is said to be &#8216;in the money&#8217; if the strike price is below the market price for a call, and above the market price for a put. For example with a call if the strike price for the option was 500p and the equity was trading in the market at 550p, then this would be 50p in the money. (Remember a call increases in value as the underlying asset increases in price). With a put, this would be in the money for the same strike price if the equity was trading at 450p. These are normally highlighted in the chain to show their status. An option is &#8216;at the money&#8217; if the strike price and market price are the same.</p>
<p>‘Out of the money’, is simply the reverse of being in the money. For example with a call, if the strike price was 500p and the equity was trading in the market at 450p, then this would be 50p out of the money. An option has intrinsic value if it is in the money and an at the money, or out of the money option, therefore has no intrinsic value.</p>
<p>Each chain will show the underlying equities current market value, along with the associated ticker and the number of days left until expiry. </p>
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		<title>Options Trading Strategies â Wrong Use of Historical Volatility and Implied Volatility Crossovers</title>
		<link>http://butterflyoptions.net/options-trading-strategies-a%c2%80%c2%93-wrong-use-of-historical-volatility-and-implied-volatility-crossovers</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 05 Dec 2009 23:33:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historical Volatility]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[How To Trade Options]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Implied Volatility]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Options Trading Strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stock Option Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Volatility]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://butterflyoptions.net/options-trading-strategies-a%c2%80%c2%93-wrong-use-of-historical-volatility-and-implied-volatility-crossovers</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Not all volatilities are constructed equal.Â  It is critical to differentiate between Historical Volatility and Implied Volatility, so retail traders learn how to trade options focused on what is material to theoretically price option spreads forward.Historical Volatility (HV) measures past price movements of the underlying asset recording the asset&#8217;s actual or realized volatility.Â  The more [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Not all volatilities are constructed equal.Â  It is critical to differentiate between Historical Volatility and Implied Volatility, so retail traders learn how to trade options focused on what is material to theoretically price option spreads forward.Historical Volatility (HV) measures past price movements of the underlying asset recording the asset&#8217;s actual or realized volatility.Â  The more commonly known type of HV is Statistical Volatility, which computes the underlying assets return over a finite but adjustable number of days.Â  Let me explain what âfinite but adjustableâ means.Â  You can vary the number of days to measure the Statistical Volatility: for example, 5-10-50-200 days, thatâs how time-based moving averages and momentum/oscillator studies are built.Â  Though, it is not the case with Implied Volatility.Implied Volatility measures expected values by repetitively refining bid-ask estimates.Â  These estimates are based on the expectations of buyers and sellers. The buyers and sellers (85+% of floor traded volume is driven by institutions, floor traders and market makers) behind the bid and ask values, who do change their estimates within the day, as new information be it macro-economic news or micro-economic data impacting the underlying product becomes available.Â  What is being estimated is the underlying assetâs future fluctuation with certain assumptions embedded into the changes in information of the underlying.Â  That refinement of bid-ask estimates must be completed within finite time-bound option expiration periods. Thatâs why there are monthly and quarterly option expiration cycles. You cannot change these expiration periods, either by shortening or lengthening the number of days, to âconstructâ a time period that gives you faster or slower crossover indicators.Why point out the wrong use of Historical Volatility and Implied Volatiity Crossovers? It is to caution you against the defective use ofÂ  HV-IV crossovers, which is not a reliable trading signal.Â  Remember, for a given expiration month, there can only be one volatility over that specific period.Â  Implied Volatility must leave from where it is currently trading at, to converge at zero on expiration date. Implied Volatility (be it IV for ITM, ATM or OTM strikes) must return to zero on expiry; but, price can go anywhere (up, down or stay flat).To continually sell âoverpricedâ and buy âunder pricedâ options would eventually cause the implied volatility of every single non-zero bid option to line up exactly.Â  Meaning the phenomenon of IVâs âsmilingâ skew disappears, as IV becomes perfectly flat. This hardly happens, especially in highly liquid products. Take for example, the SPY, a broad-based Index; or, GLD â the SPDR Shares ETF in a fast market like Gold. With open interest at the non-zero bid strikes going into the thousands and tens of thousands, do you really think a retail off the floor trader is going to be allowed to âout priceâ the professional hedger on the floor?Â  Unlikely. Calls and Puts in highly liquid products, are like items in an inventory with high supply because there is high demand.Â  This type of inventory does not get âmispricedâ because floor traders have to make a daily living from trading the Calls and Puts âthey will refuse to carry the risk of mispricing overnight.So, what are the key considerations to banking in your edge as a retail trader?  </p>
<p>Where can I learn how to trade options with consistent profits focused on Implied Volatility without Historical Volatility? Follow the link below, entitled âConsistent Resultsâ to see a model retail option traderâs portfolio that excludes the use of HV and focuses on trading only IV. Iâll cite these actual historical events, to bolster the argument for removing Historical Volatility from your trading process altogether.27 Feb, 2007: Widespread Panic from the sizeable China sell-off in equities. If you were trading the options of an index like the FXI which is the iShares product of Chinaâs 25 largest and most liquid Chinese companies though listed in the US; but they are headquartered in China, you would have been impacted. While you can argue itâs possible to have market events recreate the ranges of the Dow, Nasdaq &amp; S&amp;P, how do you recreate the scenario of the VIX and VXN soaring 59% and 39%?22Jan, 2008: Fed cuts rates by 75 basis points prior to the scheduled policy meeting on Jan 30th, whereby the FOMC cut another 50 basis points on the date of the meeting.Â  If you were trading interest-rate sensitive sectors using the options on a Financial ETF or a Banking Index like the BKX; or, the Housing Index like the HGX, you would have been impacted. And in the current environment of rates being near zero, the FOMC while they still have a rate policy tool, they are unable to cut rates by the same number of basis points like before. What was a historical event is not successively repeatable going forward, not until rates are raised again and subsequently they get cut again.Question: How do you reconstruct history?Â  That is the history of events forming Historical Volatility.Â  The answer is in the real examples cited, as with any other financially related historical event &#8211; you cannot reconstruct history. You may be able to mimic parts of HV but you cannot repeat it in its entirety.Â  So, if you continue using HV-IV crossovers, you visually confuse yourself by searching for volatility âmispricingâ patterns that you would like to see; but, you will end up with poor profit performance instead.Â  It makes more practical trading sense to focus purely on IV; then, diversify the trading of volatilities across multiple asset classes beyond equities.Where can I learn more about trading IV across multiple asset classes using only options, without having to own stock? Follow the link below (video-based course), that uses IV Mean Reversion/Mean Repulsion and IV Forecasting, as reliable methods to trade the implied volatilities across broad-based Equity Indexes, Commodity ETFs, Currency ETFs and Emerging Market ETFs. </p>
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		<title>Options Trading Strategies &#8211; Book Review &#8211; Sheldon Natenberg, Option Volatility and Pricing</title>
		<link>http://butterflyoptions.net/options-trading-strategies-book-review-sheldon-natenberg-option-volatility-and-pricing</link>
		<comments>http://butterflyoptions.net/options-trading-strategies-book-review-sheldon-natenberg-option-volatility-and-pricing#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Nov 2009 01:11:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[How To Trade Options]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Implied Volatility]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Option Pricing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Options Trading Strategies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sheldon Natenberg]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Volatility]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[As with most books on the topic of how to trade options, the amount of material to get through can be daunting. For example, with Sheldon Natenberg’s Option Volatility &#38; Pricing, it is about 418 pages to digest.  There are adequate reader reviews on Amazon and Google Book Search, to help you decide if you [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As with most books on the topic of how to trade options, the amount of material to get through can be daunting. For example, with Sheldon Natenberg’s Option Volatility &amp; Pricing, it is about 418 pages to digest.  There are adequate reader reviews on Amazon and Google Book Search, to help you decide if you will get the book. For those who have just started or are about to read the book, I’ve summarized the core concepts in the larger and essential chapters to help you get through them quicker.The number on the right of the title of the chapter is the number of pages contained within that chapter. It is not the page number.  The percentages represent how much each chapter makes up of the 418 pages in total, excluding appendices.1  The Language of Options.  12, 2.87%.2  Elementary Strategies.  22, 5.26%.3  Introduction to Theoretical Pricing Models.  16, 3.83%.4  Volatility.  30, 7.18%.5  Using an Option&#8217;s Theoretical Value.  14, 3.35%.6  Option Values and Changing Market Conditions.  32, 7.66%.7  Introduction to Spreading.  10, 2.39%.8  Volatility Spreads.  36, 8.61%.9  Risk Considerations.  26, 6.22%.10  Bull and Bear Spreads.  14, 3.35%.11  Option Arbitrage.  28, 6.70%.12  Early Exercise of American Options.  16, 3.83%.13  Hedging with Options.  16, 3.83%.14  Volatility Revisited.  28, 6.70%.15  Stock Index Futures and Options.  30, 7.18%.16  Intermarket Spreading.  22, 5.26%.17  Position Analysis.  32, 7.66%.18  Models and the Real World.  34, 8.13%.Focus on chapters 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 17 and 18, which makes up about 66% of the book.  These chapters are relevant for practical trading purposes. Here are the key points for these focus chapters, which I’m summarizing from a retail option trader’s perspective.4  Volatility. Volatility as a measure of speed in context of price in/stability for a given product in a particular market.  Despite its shortcomings, the definition of volatility still defaults to these assumptions of the Black-Scholes Model: 1. Price changes of  a product remain random and cannot be engineered, making it impossible to predict price direction prior to its movement. 2. Percent changes in the product’s price are normally distributed.  3. As the product’s price percent changes are counted as continuously compounded, the product’s price on expiry will become lognormally distributed.  4. The lognormal distribution’s mean (mean reversion) is to be found in the product’s forward price.6  Option Values and Changing Market Conditions.  Use of Delta in its 3 equivalent forms: Rate of Change, Hedge Ratio &amp; Theoretical Equivalent of the  Position.  Treatment of Gamma as an option&#8217;s curvature to explain the opposite relationship of OTM/ITM strikes to the ATM strike having the highest Gamma. Dealing with the Theta-Gamma inverse relationship, as well as Theta being intertwined synthetically as long decay and short premium with Implied Volatility, as measured by Vega.8  Volatility Spreads. Emphasis is on the sensitivities of a Ratio Back Spread, Ratio Vertical Spread, Straddle/Strangle, Butterfly, Calendar, and Diagonal to Interest Rates, Dividends and the 4 Greeks with specific attention on the effects of Gamma and Vega.9  Risk Considerations. A sobering reminder to select spreads with the lowest aggregate risk spread versus the highest probability of profit.  Aggregate Risk as measured in terms of Delta (Directional Risk), Gamma (Curvature Risk), Theta (Decay/Premium Risk) and Vega (Volatility Risk).11  Option Arbitrage. Synthetic positions are explained in terms of manufacturing an equivalent risk profile of the original spread, using a mix of single options, other spreads and the underlying product. Clear caution that transforming trades into Conversions, Reversals and Adjustments are not risk-free; but, may raise the trade&#8217;s nearer-term risks even though the longer-term net risk is lowered.  There are material differences in the cash flows of being long options versus short options, arising from the Skew bias unique to a product and the interest rate built into Calls making them disparate against Puts.14  Volatility Revisited.  Different expiry cycles between near-term versus longer-term options creates a longer-term volatility average, a mean volatility.   When volatility rises above its mean, there is relative certainty that it will revert to its mean. Likewise, mean reversion is highly likely as volatility drops below its mean. Gyration around the mean is an identifiable characteristic. Discernible volatility traits make it essential to forecast volatility in 30 day periods: 30-60-90-120 days, give the typical term to be short credit spreads between 30-45 and long debit spreads between 90-120 days.  Reconciling Implied Volatility as a measure of consensus volatility of all buyer/sellers for a given product, with inconsistencies in Historical Volatility and predictive constraints of Future Volatility.15  Stock Index Futures and Options. Effective use of Indexing to remove single stock risk.  Distinct treatment of the risks for stock-settled Indexes (including impact of dividend/exercise) separate from cash-settled Indices (absent of dividend/exercise).  Explains logic for Theoretically Pricing the options on Stock Index Futures, in addition to pricing the Futures contract itself, to determine which is economically viable to trade &#8211; the Futures contract itself or the options on the Futures.17  Position Analysis.  A more robust method than just eye balling the Delta, Gamma, Vega and Theta of a position is to use the relevant Theoretical Pricing model (Bjerksund-Stensland, Black-Scholes, Binomial) to scenario test for changes in dates (daily/weekly) before expiration, % changes in Implied Volatility and price changes within and near +/- 1 Standard Deviation. These factors feeding the scenario tests, once graphed, reveal the relative ratios of Delta/Gamma/Vega/Theta risks in terms of their proportionality impacting the Theoretical Price of specific strikes making up the construction of a spread.18  Models and the Real World. Addresses the weaknesses of these core assumptions used in a traditional pricing model: 1. Markets are not frictionless: buying/selling an underlying contract has restrictions in terms of tax implications, limitation on funding and transaction costs. 2. Interest rates are variable, not constant over the option&#8217;s life. 3. Volatilty is variable, not constant over the options&#8217; life. 4. Trading is not continous 24/7 &#8211; there are exchange holidays resulting in gaps in price changes.  5. Volatility is linked to Theoretical Price of the underlying contract, not independent of it. 6. Percentage of price changes in an underlying contract does not result in a lognormal distribution  of underlying prices at distribution due to Skew &amp; Kurtosis.To conclude, reading these chapters is not academic. Understanding techniques discussed in the chapters must enable you to answer the following key questions.  In the total inventory of your trading account, if you are … </p>
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